The CFPB has issued a final rule amending Regulation V under the FCRA to strengthen consumer protections related to medical information. It eliminates a previous exception that allowed creditors to consider medical debts in credit decisions, aligning with the FCRA's prohibition on using medical information for credit eligibility. Additionally, consumer reporting agencies are generally barred from providing creditors with consumer reports containing medical debt information that creditors are not permitted to use.
CFPB Sues Experian
On January 7, 2025, the CFPB filed a lawsuit against Experian alleging that Experian violated FCRA by failing to properly conduct reinvestigations of disputed information in consumer credit files; failing to delete inaccurate, incomplete, or unverified information in consumer credit files; failing to provide adequate written notice to consumers of the results of its reinvestigations; failing to prevent the improper reinsertion of previously deleted information from consumer credit files; and failing to follow reasonable procedures to assure maximum possible accuracy of the credit information Experian reports on consumers. In addition, the complaint alleges that Experian committed unfair acts or practices in violation of the Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010 by (1) failing to convey consumers’ disputes to furnishers fully and accurately, and instead distorting, truncating, and mischaracterizing consumers’ disputes; (2) relying excessively on furnishers to resolve disputes, routinely doing nothing more than sending the dispute to a furnisher and implementing the furnisher’s response, despite having evidence of that furnisher’s unreliability; and (3) improperly reinserting tradelines into consumer credit reports due to its practice of failing to adequately match newly reported tradelines to tradelines that were previously deleted as a result of a dispute if the subsequent furnishing was from a new furnisher. The Bureau seeks, among other things, to bring Experian into compliance with the law, consumer redress, and the imposition of civil money penalties.
Understanding the FCRA: What Consumers Need to Know About Credit Reporting Agencies
Experian RentBureau: Helping Renters Build Credit Through On-Time Payments
Experian RentBureau: Helping Renters Build Credit Through On-Time Payments
Renting a home is a significant financial responsibility for many people, but did you know that your rent payments don't automatically help build your credit score? That's where Experian RentBureau comes in. Experian RentBureau is the largest and most widely used database of rental payment information, currently including data on over 26 million residents nationwide. This powerful platform allows property management companies and third-party rent reporters to submit rental payment data directly and automatically to RentBureau on a daily or monthly basis. By opting in to have your rental data reported through RentBureau, you can potentially increase your credit score simply by paying your rent on time. This is a game-changer for renters, as your rent is likely one of your biggest monthly bills, but it doesn't normally count towards your credit history.
The Benefits of Reporting Rental Data
When your on-time rent payments are reported to Experian RentBureau, it can help you build credit history and improve your credit score. This is especially valuable for those who may have limited or no credit history, as it provides an additional avenue to demonstrate responsible financial behavior. Additionally, RentBureau's comprehensive database allows property managers to make more informed decisions when screening and approving rental applications. By accessing detailed rental payment histories, they can confidently approve more qualified applicants, faster.
How to Get Started with Experian RentBureau
To take advantage of Experian RentBureau, start by checking with your current or prospective landlord to see if they are already reporting rental data to the platform. If so, you can request a copy of your RentBureau consumer report to review the information they have on file. If your landlord is not yet reporting to RentBureau, you can encourage them to do so or explore options to have your rent payments added to your Experian credit report through services like Experian Boost. Don't let the opportunity to get credit for your responsible rent payments pass you by. Work with Experian RentBureau to ensure your rental history is accurately reflected and contributing to your overall credit profile.
Links:
What Does Your Credit Score Mean?
If you know your credit score but don't know what the number means, there are several resources available to help you understand your credit score and how it impacts your financial health. Here are some steps you can take:
Understand what a credit score is: A credit score is a three-digit number that represents your creditworthiness, or the likelihood that you will pay your bills on time. It is calculated based on the information in your credit report.
Learn about credit score ranges: Credit scores typically range from 300 to 850, with higher scores indicating better creditworthiness. Different lenders may have different criteria for what they consider a "good" credit score, but generally, a score above 700 is considered good.
Understand how your credit score is calculated: Credit scores are calculated based on several factors, including payment history, amounts owed, length of credit history, new credit, and credit mix.Understanding these factors can help you identify areas where you can improve your credit score.
Check your credit report: Your credit report contains the information that is used to calculate your credit score. You can request a free copy of your credit report from https://www.annualcreditreport.com Reviewing your credit report can help you identify errors or inaccuracies that may be impacting your credit score.
Take steps to improve your credit score: If your credit score is lower than you would like, there are several steps you can take to improve it. These include paying your bills on time, paying down debt, and avoiding opening too many new credit accounts at once.
Credit Score Range
Credit scores typically range from 300 to 850, and different credit score ranges can indicate different levels of creditworthiness. Here are the most common credit score ranges and what they mean:
Poor: A credit score below 580 is generally considered poor and may make it difficult to qualify for credit or loans.
Fair: A credit score between 580 and 669 is considered fair and may qualify you for some credit or loans, but at higher interest rates.
Good: A credit score between 670 and 739 is considered good and may qualify you for credit or loans at competitive interest rates.
Very Good: A credit score between 740 and 799 is considered very good and may qualify you for credit or loans at even more competitive interest rates.
Exceptional: A credit score above 800 is considered exceptional and may qualify you for the best interest rates and terms on credit or loans.
It's important to note that different lenders may have different criteria for what they consider a "good" credit score, and credit score ranges can vary based on the scoring model used to evaluate them. However, understanding these credit score ranges can help you gauge your credit health and take steps to improve your credit score over time.
How Often Do Credit Scores Update?
Credit scores typically update at least once a month, but the frequency could vary depending on your lenders and unique financial situation. Lenders usually report updated information every 30-45 days, so it's possible you might receive an updated credit score each month.
However, every lender has its own reporting schedule and policies, so there is no set date each month when you can expect your credit scores to be updated. The information in your credit reports must update first before your credit scores can update.
The frequency of credit score updates depends on how many active credit accounts you have and when each of those lenders reports new information
It's important to note that each credit monitoring service may update at different times, and not all lenders report to all three credit reporting agencies, which is one reason why you may see some variations in your credit scores.
Several factors can affect credit scores, including:
Payment history: Payment history is the most significant factor that affects credit scores, accounting for 35% of the total score. It considers whether you have paid your bills on time for each account on your credit report, including credit cards, loans, and other debts.
Amounts owed: The total amount you owe on your credit accounts and the percentage of your available credit that you are using also affect your credit score. This factor makes up 30% of your credit score.
Length of credit history: The length of time you have had credit accounts is another factor that affects your credit score, accounting for 15% of the total score. The longer your credit history, the better your score.
New credit: Opening new credit accounts can also affect your credit score, making up 10% of the total score.
Applying for multiple credit accounts in a short period can negatively impact your score.
Credit mix: The types of credit accounts you have, such as credit cards, loans, and mortgages, also affect your credit score. This factor makes up 10% of the total score. Having a mix of credit accounts can positively impact your score.
It's important to note that different credit-scoring models may weigh these factors differently, and lenders may also consider other factors when evaluating your creditworthiness. However, understanding these factors can help you manage your credit accounts and improve your credit score over time.
Ultimately, it's a good idea to check your credit reports regularly for accuracy and monitor your credit score to ensure that you are aware of any changes.
You can check your credit report for free once a week at: https://www.annualcreditreport.com
This site provides your full report from Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion.
Credit Bureaus Unveiled: The Power, Consolidation, and Consumer Struggles from 1970 to Today
In the labyrinthine annals of consumer reporting agencies, known colloquially as credit bureaus, the period spanning from 1970 to the present is a saga marked by intrigue, transformation, and the relentless march of capitalism. Let us dissect the history and evolution of these institutions with the scrutiny they so richly deserve.
The 1970s heralded a pivotal moment in the saga of credit bureaus. The dawn of this tumultuous decade bore witness to the enactment of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) in 1970, a piece of legislation ostensibly designed to tame the unruly excesses of these shadowy data behemoths. As noble as its intentions may have been, the FCRA merely provided a veneer of respectability to an industry steeped in opacity.
With the FCRA came a semblance of consumer protection. Agencies were obliged to furnish individuals with the contents of their credit reports, and the onus was placed on creditors to report accurate information. Yet, as any keen observer of human nature might anticipate, the appetite for profit found innovative ways to circumvent these constraints. See e.g., “Key Dimensions and Processes in the U.S. Credit Reporting System: A review of how the nation’s largest credit bureaus manage consumer data,” Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (2012).
Throughout the following decades, the credit reporting landscape witnessed a complex dance of consolidation and acquisition. The likes of Trans Union, Equifax, and Experian, national consumer reporting agencies with insatiable appetites for market dominance, began swallowing smaller agencies whole.
The 1980s bore witness to a frenzy of mergers and acquisitions. Smaller credit bureaus, often regional or specialized in their focus, fell prey to the voracious appetite of the industry giants. This consolidation not only expanded the portfolios of the big three but also concentrated power in their hands, further obscuring the transparency that consumers so desperately needed.
As the 1990s dawned, the big three stood unassailable. Their consolidation of power and data was nothing short of Orwellian, as they amassed dossiers on millions, if not billions, of individuals, their solvency distilled into a numerical metric. Privacy became a quaint relic of a bygone era, as the collection and dissemination of personal financial data became an industry unto itself.
Fast forward to the present day, and the credit bureaus, the unseen puppeteers of financial destinies, have not lost their insatiable appetite for data or dominance. They remain entrenched in the digital age, orchestrating the fates of millions with every transaction, missed payment, and misguided investment.
However, the digital age has also given rise to nascent movements advocating for consumer empowerment. The right to challenge inaccuracies in one's credit report has gained some traction, thanks in part to technology. Furthermore, initiatives have emerged to educate consumers about the importance of financial literacy and the perils of debt. See e.g., “Annual report of credit and consumer reporting complaints: An analysis of complaint responses by Equifax, Experian, and Trans Union,” Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (2023).
I must implore you, dear reader, to remain vigilant in this ongoing narrative. The credit bureaus may have evolved, but their essence remains fundamentally unchanged—an unchecked power, shrouded in secrecy, that wields disproportionate influence over the lives of ordinary citizens.
In conclusion, the history of consumer reporting agencies in the United States from 1970 to the present is a tale of power, profit, and a perpetual struggle for transparency and fairness. As we navigate the treacherous waters of the credit industry, let us heed the lessons of history and demand a future where the balance of power tilts toward the individual, not the corporate behemoths that have long held sway over our financial destinies.
A Quick Guide on Disputing Inaccurate Information on Your Credit File
As an attorney with years of experience, I understand the importance of maintaining accurate credit information. In this guide, I'll walk you through the steps to dispute any inaccuracies you may find on your credit file. It's crucial for your financial well-being to ensure that your credit report is as precise as possible. Let's get started!
**Step 1: Review Your Credit Report**
The first step in this process is obtaining a copy of your credit report. You're entitled to one free report annually from each of the three major consumer reporting agencies: Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion. Just so you know, for public records, obtain your report from LexisNexis.
**Step 2: Identify Inaccuracies**
With your credit report in hand, carefully go through it. Look for any discrepancies, such as incorrect account balances, late payments, or accounts that you don't recognize. Make a note of each item that needs correction.
**Step 3: Gather Supporting Documents**
Having supporting evidence is crucial in the dispute process. Gather any relevant documents that prove the information is inaccurate. This might include receipts, letters, or other paperwork that strengthens your case.
**Step 4: Contact the Consumer Reporting Agencies**
Contact the consumer reporting agencies that issued the report with inaccurate information. You can do this online, by mail, or over the phone. However, we recommend you send your disputes by mail, if possible. Clearly state the errors and provide them with the supporting documents you've gathered.
**Step 5: Dispute with the Creditor**
Simultaneously, contact the creditor associated with the inaccurate information. Explain the situation and provide them with the supporting documents you sent to the consumer reporting agencies.
**Step 6: Keep Records**
It's essential for you to document all communications. Note the date, time, and the names of the individuals you spoke with. This information can be invaluable if the dispute process takes longer than expected.
**Step 7: Be Patient and Persistent**
Resolving credit report inaccuracies can be a time-consuming process. Stay patient and, if necessary, follow up with both the consumer reporting agencies and the creditor.
Conclusion:
Remember, it's your right to have accurate credit information. Stay vigilant and keep track of your progress. If you're in a situation where you need more advice, please don't hesitate to consult a legal professional. If you have any questions, feel free to reach out. Thank you for reading!
Credit Bureaus, Tenant Screening, Background Checks, and Other Reports
Credit and consumer reporting is one of today's most active areas of consumer litigation, involving individual and class cases against the national consumer reporting agencies aka the “Big Three credit bureaus” (Trans Union, Equifax and Experian), tenant screening agencies, background check companies, and furnishers and users of consumer reports. Credit and consumer report errors can cause significant injury to a consumer's access to credit, employment, residential rentals, and insurance.
Credit and consumer reporting is governed by federal law - the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA).
What is an ACDV?
Credit Reporting: Compliance Condition Code
What is the Compliance Condition Code (CCC)?
The is reported in a Metro 2 data field which allows furnishers to report a condition that is required for legal compliance. CCCs are used to reflect accounts closed at consumer’s request, and consumer disputes under the Fair Credit Billing Act (FCBA), the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA), or the direct dispute provisions of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) .
According to the Consumer Data Industry Association (CDIA), which publishes yearly written reporting procedures on behalf of the national consumer reporting agencies (Trans Union, Equifax and Experian) to be followed by their data furnishers, CCCs should not be reported in response to a consumer dispute investigation request the data furnisher receives directly from the consumer reporting agencies, unless the data furnisher uses a CCC to satisfy its FDCPA obligation to communicate that a debt is disputed.
When the CCC is used to report that some information about the account is or was in dispute, this “dispute flag” should, in principle, be removed or changed to indicate the investigation is complete. In practice, furnishers and consumer reporting agencies often fail to remove this dispute flag from the CCC field after a consumer’s dispute has been resolved. As a result, the dispute flag often remains on the account long after the consumer’s dispute. Moreover, the dispute flag provides essentially no detail on the content of the dispute, including whether the dispute was initially lodged with the furnisher or the consumer reporting agency.
Disputes Ignored: Credit Repair Companies to Blame?
There have been a record breaking amount of complaints from 2020 through 2021, with more than 619,000 in 2021 alone and Rep. James Clyburn, the chairman of the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis wants credit reporting agencies TransUnion, Experian, and Equifax to be investigated.
The agencies have allegedly failed to respond to consumer complaints during the pandemic and continue to have longstanding problems with consumers raising complaints about credit reporting errors.
In May, the CFPB reported that 4.1% of complaints were resolved in 2021 compared to 25% in 2019 before the pandemic.
It appears that the majority of credit report disputes have not resulted in correction or removal of errors in consumers credit reports. The subcommittee found that between 2019-2012:
Equifax corrected 43% - 47% of disputed items.
Experian corrected about 52% of late payment disputes or other inaccurate data.
TransUnion corrected approximately 49% - 53% of disputed credit reports during this time.
The CARES act, paused loan payments and were supposed to report them as current, though some lenders may have incorrectly categorized them as late.
Consumers have been reporting errors on a larger scale. The CFPB estimated the combined number of dispute submissions among Equifax, Experian and TransUnion to be 8 million in 2011. The subcommittee found that in 2021 Equifax received nearly 14 million complaints alone.
The record breaking amount of complaints consist of nearly 336 million items, including names, addresses and credit accounts on their credit reports. Yet evidence by the subcommittee found that credit raters discard millions of disputes a year without investigation. At least 13.8 million were thrown out between 2018 and 2021.
Discarding disputes violates the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) if they are submitted directly by consumers to authorized representatives.
The companies defense is that disputes are discarded without investigation when they suspect a credit repair service is making the complaint. Which highlights the importance of why you should make complaints yourself, as they may also be disputing information on your report that is accurate.
The agencies have a criteria that determine which disputes may be submitted by an unauthorized third party. For instance, Equifax, tosses out mail that tends to similar language and formatting and also comes from the same zip code.
Experian takes into account for envelope and letter characteristics, this includes same/similar ink color, same/similar formatting when choosing what disputes to discard.
It was found that credit rating companies referred more than half of the disputes to data furnishers for investigations between 2019 and 2021. TransUnion referred the most.
The prevalence of credit reporting errors have been especially concerning at a time when consumers needed access to their credit to handle difficult economic circumstances brought on by the pandemic. Errors in credit reports have the potential to lower credit scores that could deny access to loans, housing, and possibly employment, among other serious consequences.
Recent reports have noted increased activity among credit repair companies which can inflate the complaint numbers. This seems to be the biggest cause of consumer complaints being thrown out. It highlights the importance of making complaints about credit reporting errors yourself rather than relying on a third party, since many credit repair companies may make illegitimate complaints or dispute information on your reports that are accurate.
The credit reporting industry is continuing to to collaborate with the CFBB and policymakers to better serve consumers and will continue to make better economic opportunity solutions.
Credit Scores are Not Controlled by the Government
There is a misconception that credit scores are controlled by the government and a meme portraying Spiderman that reads: “The people who are $30 trillion in debt are giving you a credit score” is making its rounds on the internet.
Credit scores come from the three major credit reporting agencies: Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion. Consumers have a belief that they are somehow owned, managed and controlled by the federal government but they are not, in fact.
At a fundamental level, the credit bureaus all operate as private, for-profit companies. They are highly regulated by the government by the creation of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau or the Fair Credit Reporting Act. But in reality, none of the businesses are mandated by the government.
Credit bureaus work to collect consumer credit information and they sell that information to businesses such as banks and credit card companies. These companies want to know the financial risk of their consumers and are willing to pay for screenings. This determines the likelihood that the consumer will successfully manage a large expense and pay back a loan.
Credit bureaus also work directly with consumers. They are tasked with responding directly to consumer disputes due to mistakes and missing information on credit reports and allow consumers access to their credit scores. If there is fraudulent activity, they allow the consumer to freeze their account or place fraud alerts.
Each company works independently from each other. That is why each report may slightly differ. You may also find that you can access different reports from different places.
Even though the credit bureaus are not apart of the government they are still subjected to laws and regulation. The FCRA has been in existence since the 1970’s. It has been implemented to protect consumer rights when it comes to accuracy, fairness, and privacy of credit information. According to the FCRA you have the right to:
Be told if information in your credit report has been used against you
Know what’s in your credit report
Access your credit score
Dispute incorrect or incomplete information
Have incorrect or incomplete information resolved by the credit bureaus
Have outdated, negative information withheld from your report
Limit who can access your file
Give consent to your report being given to employers
Limit pre-screened credit and insurance offers sent to you
Seek damages from violators
Be given additional protections if you’re the victim of identity theft or are on active military duty.
Buy Now, Pay Later & Credit Score
Buy now pay later options do not generally affect peoples credit and do not yet routinely appear on most credit reports. The credit bureaus; TransUnion, Equifax, and Experian are each working through this relatively new system and how to report on these services in the context of credit worthiness and a borrowers financial obligations.
This means that a good record of payment on your buy now, pay later accounts will not help build your credit. It also won’t hurt your credit unless your account is sent to collections. This payment option is popular with younger generations, as they are least likely to have built their credit. For now, it is a good way to practice building your credit.
How Buy Now, Pay Later Works
When you purchase something online, some stores may offer to divide your purchase into smaller installment payments. Most often into four payments, every two weeks. The most used options are Affirm, Afterpay, Klarna, Paypal, and Zip. They partner with retailers who pay them commission.
Approval is partially based on data that includes address stability, public records and previous history you may have with the lender and banking information.
Opportunities for Credit Building
The credit bureaus are working hard to incorporate this method into their formulas. Consumers are using these accounts online more frequently than traditional credit cards and loans, especially young consumers. This could prove to be most beneficial to build up credit.
There are Risks
Since buy now, pay later loans are new and unregulated they are often paid late, most often by consumers of the age group 18-30. BNPY lack the typical protections you would have under a credit card such as dispute resolutions. The easy access to the application causes the consumer to impulsively purchase and buildup debt faster than they normally would. The consumer may also rack up multiple BNPL accounts on multiple sites that could potentially lead to collection accounts. Once sent to collections, it will end up on credit reports.
The Credit Bureaus
It has been decades since a new type of credit has been in the market. The BNPY system does not fit perfectly within the two categories they have in place now: Installment loans that span months or years and revolving credit like credit cards.
The bureaus are working together to find a format that fits and are figuring out a common ground.
Current Plans:
Experian has announced it plans a specialty bureau to hold buy now, pay later data. Information from the specialty bureau will be “promoted” periodically into the consumer’s core credit file.
Equifax plans to add the information to regular credit reports.
TransUnion has said it will partition off the data on core credit reports.
Changes in Medical Debt Reporting
The nation’s largest credit reporting agencies; Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion announced on Friday that many U.S. consumers will have their medical debt wiped from their credit reports.
In a joint statement, they stated that nearly 70% of medical collection debt accounts from consumer credit reports would be removed after conducting months of market research. The changes will take effect July 1, 2022.
Paid medical debt will no longer be included on consumer credit reports. Credit bureaus plan to extend the timeline reporting how long a medical bill is sent to collections. Typically a medical bill is sent to collections after 180 days. Consumers will now be given up to one full year. This will give consumers more time to work with insurance and/or medical providers to address their debt before it is reported to their file without it impacting their credit score.
Most medical debts in collection on consumer credit reports are under $500. Beginning in the first half of 2023 Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion will no longer include unpaid medical collection debt that is under $500, though that threshold may increase.
This does not change the responsibility of the consumer to pay, but it may alleviate some of struggle consumers face when trying to apply for credit.
$88 Billion in Medical Bills on Credit Reports According to CFPB
HOW TO DISPUTE INACCURATE INFORMATION ON YOUR CREDIT REPORTS
How to Begin a Credit Repair Process Yourself
Real Example of Mixed Credit File
Siblings, especially twins are more likely to have their credit files mixed than most people. One man had realized that his credit file continued to be mixed with his twin sisters file. The US credit rating agencies can’t seem to tell them apart. Sometimes they associate his social security number with her name and vice versa.
When he applied for a job, his background check listed his name as hers; and his actual name was listed as an alias. They have both been consistently rejected for credit cards, despite both of them having good credit. Mitchell was denied a car loan by a bank that he had used for years. However, they did have luck obtaining housing.
This is a problem that they have to worry about anytime they apply for credit. They never know what information is coming up when their file is pulled.
The problem doesn’t lie within the banks or lenders, but the credit system. In the United States, the Big Three: Equifax, TransUnion, and Experian have the most control over our information. These companies obtain hundreds of data sources to predict your credit score. In this mass of data, mistakes happen.
When a credit system messes up, consumers are supposed to have a recourse in fixing the problem. Each agency has a dispute process. When a consumer disputes an error, the credit bureaus are required to do an investigation. When that fails, consumers are oftentimes unsure of what to do. The next step is to file a complaint with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), which will forward your complaint to the appropriate ratings agency.
Unfortunately, these situations go in circles. The furnishes will verify your information with the creditors and the creditors will verify your information with the furnishes. In the twins situation, the male pulled his files and mailed in physical proof of his identity, such as his social security card and drivers license. After investigation, his reports still listed his sister as an alias or a former name.
These situations are rarely heard of, but happen often. In this situation, it is likely due to their social security numbers “matching” in the system. Since they are twins, they were likely given social security numbers that are one digit off. The credit bureaus consider this a match, since they only verify 8 out of 9 digits. They also have the same last name, and likely lived in the same household growing up, giving the bureaus verification that they are the same person.
We recommend that you check your credit reports a few times a year. This is especially important if you may have a relative with a similar name. Many people do not realize their credit has been compromised until they are denied credit. You can check your credit reports for free once a week until April of 2022 at www.annualcreditreport.com
If you have investigations that keep failing, contact us for help. You may be entitled to a settlement.
Free Report Weekly Until April 2022
On March 2, 2021 the three major credit bureaus, TransUnion, Equifax, and Experian in a joint statement said that they will continue to offer consumers free weekly credit reports until April 20, 2022 due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Prior to the pandemic, credit bureaus were required by law to provide a single free report just once a year and consumers were charged about $20 each additional time they needed one.
Frances Creighton, president and CEO of the Consumer Data Industry Association, which represents the three credit bureaus told Consumer Reports Inc.: “None of us could have foreseen that the pandemic situation would last longer than a year.” This time is especially important for consumers to have the key to their financial information.
Credit reports are used by lenders to determine whether you’re a good credit risk. Your credit report shows whether you made mortgage, credit card, auto loans, and/or student loan payments on-time. Employers, potential landlords, cellular service providers, and employers are able to review your report with your permission.
Your credit score is calculated by the information in your credit report. This is the three-digit number that is meant to determine your creditworthiness. Getting a credit report on a regular basis can help consumers monitor their information because changes in the report can happen daily.
You can obtain your credit reports at AnnualCreditReport.com. The credit reporting industry has seen an unprecedented amount of consumer complaints made to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau over errors discovered in credit reports. Credit report errors accounted for nearly 2/3 of the total complaints in 2020, which is a rise of 23% from 2019 according to the CFPB’s complaint database.
It was found that up to 1/4 of credit reports contain at least one mistake according to a 2012 Federal Trade Commission Report. Consumer Reports Inc. conducted a nationally representative survey of 2,223 U.S. adults in January 2021 and found that 12% of Americans who checked their credit report found an error.
Errors include anything from incorrect address information to more serious problems, such as loans that are listed multiple times, paid-off loans that appear as still open, and/or information about someone else’s account that appear on your account.
Last year, in another survey, participating consumers noted a range of mistakes on their reports. One man found that his mortgage was listed twice. His bank had promised to fix the error but it still remained on his report months later. Another consumer’s report had his sons information mixed with his own. One other found that an unpaid bill had went into collections in a state he had never lived in.
These errors can negatively affect a consumers credit score and could be a particular problem for people who deferred loan payments with lenders or credit card companies.
Last May, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act was passed and required companies providing federally backed mortgages and student loans to offer deferrals while still reporting to the credit bureaus that the loan is current. Some credit card companies and auto lenders also offered deferrals. For some, those deferred loan payments were still being reported as late. This is another good reason to check your report often.
There are consumers who are advocating that credit reports should be free permanently. They feel that consumers should not be charged to access their own data. Chi Chi Wu, an attorney at the National Consumer Law center, who has a focus on credit issues, said: “There’s nothing I can think of that would legally or logistically prevent the Big Three credit bureaus from making free weekly reports permanent”.
Credit bureaus are suppose to look at all supporting documentation when a consumer files a dispute, but they very often do not. Agencies should ensure that any supporting documents a consumer submits in the automated dispute filing is considered in the bureau’s review of their case. Oftentimes the task of reviewing disputes is outsourced and the bureaus will usually accept the results of the outsourced investigation without questioning the accuracy of the findings.
Currently, credit bureaus will only match 7 of the nine digits of a social security number in the consumes report. To avoid errors, advocates are pushing for the bureaus to require the matching of all nine digits.
If you find an error in your report you should file a dispute with the three credit bureaus. TransUnion, Equifax, and Experian are separate companies so the disputes must be filed to each. It is best to send a letter by certified mail and keep copies for yourself. The paper trail will make it easier to confirm that the credit bureaus are following the lawful time lines. You should avoid filing disputes online because often credit bureaus have standardized forms that might force you to oversimplify your situation and never have an actual representative look at the dispute.
Along with the letter, you should include any evidence. This could be account statements or information on payments made that will protect you from a credit bureau dismissing your claim because of lack of sufficient backup information. Avoid resubmitting a evidence later on because it could be denied if the claim is considered similar to previous ones.
Dispute Still Denied
If your disputes get denied consider hiring an experienced lawyer to file a case. We specialize in FCRA law, your consultation is free, and your legal fees will be covered so there is no out of pocket expense.
Personal Statement
You are able to add a personal statement to your report to help explain your situation. Banks and other institutions will typically read and consider this note when making a decision about your creditworthiness, especially if you lost a dispute and have a negative item on your report.
Ask to send updated report
If you won a dispute you should ask the bureaus to send out an updated report. This new report will go to anyone who has checked your report within the past six months.