What Does Your Credit Score Mean?

If you know your credit score but don't know what the number means, there are several resources available to help you understand your credit score and how it impacts your financial health. Here are some steps you can take:

1. Understand what a credit score is: A credit score is a three-digit number that represents your creditworthiness, or the likelihood that you will pay your bills on time. It is calculated based on the information in your credit report.

2. Learn about credit score ranges: Credit scores typically range from 300 to 850, with higher scores indicating better creditworthiness. Different lenders may have different criteria for what they consider a "good" credit score, but generally, a score above 700 is considered good.

3. Understand how your credit score is calculated: Credit scores are calculated based on several factors, including payment history, amounts owed, length of credit history, new credit, and credit mix.Understanding these factors can help you identify areas where you can improve your credit score.

4. Check your credit report: Your credit report contains the information that is used to calculate your credit score. You can request a free copy of your credit report from https://www.annualcreditreport.com Reviewing your credit report can help you identify errors or inaccuracies that may be impacting your credit score.

5. Take steps to improve your credit score: If your credit score is lower than you would like, there are several steps you can take to improve it. These include paying your bills on time, paying down debt, and avoiding opening too many new credit accounts at once.

Credit Score Range

Credit scores typically range from 300 to 850, and different credit score ranges can indicate different levels of creditworthiness. Here are the most common credit score ranges and what they mean:

1. Poor: A credit score below 580 is generally considered poor and may make it difficult to qualify for credit or loans.

2. Fair: A credit score between 580 and 669 is considered fair and may qualify you for some credit or loans, but at higher interest rates.

3. Good: A credit score between 670 and 739 is considered good and may qualify you for credit or loans at competitive interest rates.

4. Very Good: A credit score between 740 and 799 is considered very good and may qualify you for credit or loans at even more competitive interest rates.

5. Exceptional: A credit score above 800 is considered exceptional and may qualify you for the best interest rates and terms on credit or loans.

It's important to note that different lenders may have different criteria for what they consider a "good" credit score, and credit score ranges can vary based on the scoring model used to evaluate them. However, understanding these credit score ranges can help you gauge your credit health and take steps to improve your credit score over time.

Basics of Consumer Credit

What is Consumer Credit?

Consumer credit is the borrowing of money for goods and services. This could be in the form of credit cards, personal loans, and other lines of credit. Total consumer credit comprises of two major types: revolving and non-revolving. The borrower agrees to pay back the borrowed amount plus interest over a set period of time, usually in monthly installments. Consumer credit is commonly used for big purchases such as cars, homes, and education.

Revolving credit

Revolving credit lets you borrow up to the pre-approved credit limit. The borrower is required to make monthly payments either on the full amount or regular payments. Interest is charged on the outstanding balance. Examples include credit cards, home equity lines of credit (HELOCs), and personal and business lines of credit.

Non-revolving Credit

Non-revolving credit is a type of credit a borrower repays in fixed payments over a set period. Unlike revolving credit, a non-revolving credit is a one time arrangement. Once the credit line is paid off, the lender closes the account. Examples include: home mortgage loans, student loans and business loans.

What is a Credit Report?

A credit report is a record of an individuals credit activity and current credit situation. The report is created by the credit reporting agencies also known as credit bureaus or credit reporting companies, that collect information about an individual’s credit accounts, payment history, and other financial transactions that is submitted to them by creditors, such as lenders, credit card companies, and other financial companies. Creditors are not required to report to every credit reporting company.

What’s in My Credit Report?

Your credit report will include:

Personal information

• Your name and any name you may have used in the past in connection with a credit account, including nicknames

• Current and former addresses

• Birth date

• Social Security number

• Phone numbers

Credit accounts

• Current and historical credit accounts, including the type of account (mortgage, installment, revolving, etc.)

• The credit limit or amount

• Account balance

• Account payment history

• The date the account was opened and closed

• The name of the creditor

Collection items

Public records

• Liens

• Foreclosures

• Bankruptcies

• Civil suits and judgments

• A credit report may include information on overdue child support provided by a state or local child support agency or verified by any local, state, or federal government agency.

Inquiries 

Companies that have accessed your credit report.

What are Inquiries?

An inquiry is a record of when a lender, a creditor, or other authorized entity requests to see your credit report. There are two types: hard inquiries and soft inquires.

Hard Inquiry: Occurs when a lender or creditor requests to see and individual’s credit report as part of a credit application for a loan or credit card. Hard inquires can impact a credit score and remain on a credit report for up to 2 years. Multiple hard inquiries within a short period of time can signal to lenders that an individual is seeking a lot of credit, which could be interpreted as a sign of financial distress.

Soft Inquiry: Does not impact credit scores and are not visible to lenders. Soft inquiries can be initiated by the individual when checking their own credit report or by organizations like employers or credit monitoring services.

How Do I Check My Credit Score?

As of April 2023, Annual Credit Report is still allowing access to free credit reports once a week. Go to this link: https://www.annualcreditreport.com/index.action to get your reports from Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion.

What if I See Errors?

If you see errors on your credit report, dispute the information with the credit reporting company in writing. Explain what you think is wrong, why, and included documents that support your dispute.

Negative Credit Information

Your credit score is likely to be hurt when negative information shows up on your credit report. There is a varying degree of impact from late payments, collection accounts, charge-offs and bankruptcies.

Negative information on your credit report tends to stick around for awhile, and could make it harder to qualify for new financing (such as loans and credit cards). The good news is: they don’t stay on your report forever.

It can be difficult to understand how credit scores work. One puzzling factor is that specific items on your credit report (credit score factors) are not worth a preset number of points.

For example, you won’t automatically lose 20 points, or any set number of points for a 30-day late payment that is newly showing up on your report. You could just be earning fewer points, which would result in a lower score the next time your credit score is calculated.

The credit scoring models like FICO and VantageScore consider all of your credit report information at once. Someone with a clean credit report who receives a new collection account might have a larger decrease in their score than someone who already has blemishes on their credit. However, the person with the cleaner credit report would still have a higher score overall.

Two other factors have a role in how negative information impacts your credit score: age and severity. As for age, a more recent late payment is likely going to damage your score more than a late payment that is several years old.  As for severity, a 90-day late payment tends to be more damaging than one that is 30 days late.

Negative information does the most damage to your credit score when it first appears on your credit report. The derogatory information will hurt your score as long as it is reporting, but becomes less pronounced over time, especially if you have avoided adding more derogatory items.

Any item that is reporting on your credit report is likely to affect your credit score for good or bad. The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) is a federal law that regulates the three major credit bureaus, as well as others. The maximum shelf life of derogatory information is seven to ten years. There are some exceptions to this rule.

Examples:

7 Years

• Late Payments

• Collection Accounts

• Medical Collections

• Charge- Offs

• Chapter 13 Bankruptcy

10 Years

• Chapter 7 Bankruptcy

• Accounts closed in good standing

2 Years

• Credit inquiries

Indefinite

• Defaulted federal student loans

Incorrect & Outdated Information

There isn’t much you can do about an accurate but negative item on your credit report. You can however, talk to the creditor about a goodwill removal (which is not always granted). Most negative items will keep showing on your credit report as long as the law allows.

If you have an item on your credit report that is inaccurate or it has been reporting for longer than the FCRA permits, there are a few actions you can take.

• Dispute: You have the right to dispute any incorrect or outdated information on your credit report. You can send disputes online or by mail, but the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) recommends using certified mail for dispute letters. This method allows you to verify that your letter was received and that a real person is reviewing your dispute. Online disputes are computerized.

• Complain: Along with disputing the incorrect information on your credit report, you can file a complaint with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB).

• Legal Action: If disputes and complaints aren’t fixing your issues, you might consider talking to an attorney specialized in the FCRA. An attorney can help you discover if your rights have been violated. They will advise you on steps you may not have taken and will initiate legal action when necessary.

Negative information on your credit report has the potential to damage your credit score and make it harder to qualify for financing and applying for any type of credit. It is best to avoid issues like late payments charge-offs, and collection accounts. If you do happen to make a mistake or have an error in your credit report, all hope isn’t lost. You can still bounce back and improve your credit for the future.

Credit Scores are Not Controlled by the Government

There is a misconception that credit scores are controlled by the government and a meme portraying Spiderman that reads: “The people who are $30 trillion in debt are giving you a credit score” is making its rounds on the internet.

Credit scores come from the three major credit reporting agencies: Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion. Consumers have a belief that they are somehow owned, managed and controlled by the federal government but they are not, in fact.

At a fundamental level, the credit bureaus all operate as private, for-profit companies. They are highly regulated by the government by the creation of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau or the Fair Credit Reporting Act.  But in reality, none of the businesses are mandated by the government.

Credit bureaus work to collect consumer credit information and they sell that information to businesses such as banks and credit card companies. These companies want to know the financial risk of their consumers and are willing to pay for screenings. This determines the likelihood that the consumer will successfully manage a large expense and pay back a loan.

Credit bureaus also work directly with consumers. They are tasked with responding directly to consumer disputes due to mistakes and missing information on credit reports and allow consumers access to their credit scores. If there is fraudulent activity, they allow the consumer to freeze their account or place fraud alerts.

Each company works independently from each other. That is why each report may slightly differ. You may also find that you can access different reports from different places.

Even though the credit bureaus are not apart of the government they are still subjected to laws and regulation. The FCRA has been in existence since the 1970’s. It has been implemented to protect consumer rights when it comes to accuracy, fairness, and privacy of credit information. According to the FCRA you have the right to:

• Be told if information in your credit report has been used against you

• Know what’s in your credit report

• Access your credit score

• Dispute incorrect or incomplete information

• Have incorrect or incomplete information resolved by the credit bureaus

• Have outdated, negative information withheld from your report

• Limit who can access your file

• Give consent to your report being given to employers

• Limit pre-screened credit and insurance offers sent to you

• Seek damages from violators

• Be given additional protections if you’re the victim of identity theft or are on active military duty.

Changes in Medical Debt Reporting

The nation’s largest credit reporting agencies; Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion announced on Friday that many U.S. consumers will have their medical debt wiped from their credit reports. 

In a joint statement, they stated that nearly 70% of medical collection debt accounts from consumer credit reports would be removed after conducting months of market research. The changes will take effect July 1, 2022.

Paid medical debt will no longer be included on consumer credit reports. Credit bureaus plan to extend the timeline reporting how long a medical bill is sent to collections. Typically a medical bill is sent to collections after 180 days. Consumers will now be given up to one full year. This will give consumers more time to work with insurance and/or medical providers to address their debt before it is reported to their file without it impacting their credit score.

 Most medical debts in collection on consumer credit reports are under $500. Beginning in the first half of 2023 Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion will no longer include unpaid medical collection debt that is under $500, though that threshold may increase. 

This does not change the responsibility of the consumer to pay, but it may alleviate some of struggle consumers face when trying to apply for credit. 

Navient's Deceptive Practices

Navient is one of the most well know student loan services in the United States. Millions of borrowers use this company to repay their federal and private student loans. They have lawsuits that allege harmful and deceptive practices that could impact your student loans. 

Below we will go deeper into Navient lawsuits that have began since 2017. 

Borrowers Being Mislead

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) stated that Navient “illegally failed borrowers at every stage of repayment.” The CFBP alleged in a lawsuit that Navient damaged borrowers by providing negative and sometimes false information such as: not processing payments correctly and not taking the appropriate steps to rectify situations when borrowers submitted complaints to company.

The lawsuit had alleged that Navient purposely caused many borrowers to pay more on their loans than they were expected to. The CFBP is suing Navient for borrowers to get financial relief from their mishandling. 

The suit alleged that Navient directed borrowers into forbearance over other preferred options such as income-driven repayment plans. A forbearance temporarily pauses student loan payments without hurting the borrowers repayment standing, but the interest builds up while the borrower is not making payments. This means that borrowers end up paying more in interest rather than being able to save money while choosing the IDR plan. 

Navient Advises Pricey Options 

A lawsuit filed in October 2020 in New Jersey alleges that Navient pressured borrowers into taking out private student loans with co-signers, even though it wasn’t in the best interest of the borrower. New Jersey states that Navient told borrowers they could have family members guarantee their private loans as co-signers, but set in place almost impossible hurdles to let borrowers release their co-signers from the loan. This makes it so that Navient gets paid if the borrower defaults on the loan since Navient is able to collect by charging the co-signer on the loan. 

Lies and Collections

New Jersey states that Navient would tell borrowers that they owed more on the loan than they really did if they were behind on their loans. Navient did this by collecting the amount that was past due and also the next months amount. This has caused borrowers to overpay hundreds of dollars oftentimes when they could not afford it. The CFPB alleged that Navient would not allow some borrowers to discharge their loans even though they qualified. The CFPB stated that “severely and permanently disabled borrowers with federal student loans, including veterans whose disability is connected to their military service, have a right to seek loan forgiveness under the federal Total and Permanent Disability discharge program—Navient misreported to the credit reporting companies that borrowers who had their loans discharged under this program had defaulted on their loans when they had not.” 

How This Affects Your Student Loans 

Many lawsuits are still on-going, so as of right now you won’t see an impact. If you are experiencing any issues with your student loan servicer, you can take these steps to ensure that it is working in your best interest: 

• Review all of the details in your loan. Whether you have been on autopay or have not been able to make payments in awhile, you might not know what is happening with your loans or even the types of loans you have. Since Navient services private and federal loan lenders, you should check what you have before exploring your options.

• Look for alternatives on your own. You can explore different repayment options such as: income-driven repayment plans, forgiveness, or student loan refinancing. It is vital to know what options you have before speaking to your loan servicer so that you are informed about different offers.

• Ask the servicer for options. After researching on your own, contacting your servicer is next. Ask them what you qualify for and how each option will impact your repayment and what you will eventually repay over the lifetime of your loan. If the lender mentions that you do not qualify for specific programs or if they direct you to more expensive programs and payment options — it may be a red flag.

• File a complaint if necessary. If you believe that your loan servicer is causing you to pay more money than you think you owe or you’re being mislead, consider filing a formal complain. You can do this directly with your lender, your states attorney general or at the federal lever with the U.S. Department of Education, Federal Trade Commission, or the CFPB. If you do this, you will need documentation proving your case. Keep a detailed record of notes, every phone calls, and correspondence with your lender.

Does Navient Service Your Loan? 

Navient services millions of borrowers but it does not service ever borrower. You can check your servicer with the Department of Education if you have federal loans. The best way to find out who services your private loans is to check your latest correspondence. If you have not made payments in awhile, you should check your credit report. You can do this for free through www.AnnualCreditReport.com. Due to the pandemic you can check your reports weekly for free until April 2022. This will allow you to see all of your debt, including delinquencies, in default, and paid off loans. 

Will Navient Forgive Student Loan Payments? 

A lawsuit against Navient that was settled July 2020 gave no monetary damages to the borrowers affected. Instead, Navient implemented improved training for employees regarding PSLF. It is a possibility that future lawsuits could proved the affected borrowers a monetary compensation, but it is unlikely that Navient will forgive student loan payments. 

Many lawsuits are still ongoing. If you feel that you have been negatively and wrongfully affected by Navient, consider reaching out for help and guidance. 

Only One-Third of Americans Checked Their Credit This Year

CompareCards have conducted a survey for the third year in a row in August 2020 following the massive data breach from Equifax four years ago. Only thirty-three percent of Americans have checked their credit reports in the past year. This is a concern since there have been an increase in credit card fraud attempts during the Covid-19 pandemic. In 2019 39% checked their reports and in 2018, just 37%. It is most crucial to be checking your reports at this time because it has never been easier. For the past four months until April 2021, consumers are able to check their credit reports for free once week, instead of just once a year through AnnualCreditReport.com.

Consumers aged 75 and older are at most risk for credit card fraud and only 20% of this age group has reviewed their credit report in the last year. Cardholders are taking less action to prevent identity theft. Here are some steps to take to prevent identity theft:

• Review online banking and credit cards often

• Check your credit score

• Activate alerts via text, email, etc to inform you when changes are made

• Review your credit report

• Change passwords to your banking and credit card sites

• Change the PIN on your ATM card

From a group of the surveyed consumers, 41% of cardholders were unaware that they had the option to check their credit report for free weekly due to the pandemic. Twenty-eight percent of those surveyed admitted that they did not plan to take advantage of this free allowance. Checking your credit report every week isn’t necessary but checking it once a month will put your mind at ease and keep you up to date and it won’t do any harm. Once you take a look at the reports one or two times, it will give you a good idea of what it looks like and you will have an easier time finding mistakes and errors, if they were to occur. Consumers who don’t have a credit card or a loan are more likely to feel that they do not need to review their reports as often. There is too much fraud out there to not keep tabs on your file. 

Only half of credit or debit cardholders check their credit score each month and a third of those admit that they do not always review their card or bank statements to ensure accuracy. Women are dropping the ball on checking their reports with only 41% doing so monthly as opposed to men at 59%. Breaking down to different generations, Gen Xer’s are best about checking their scores followed by Millenials. 

The fatigue of the pandemic may be distracting from the focus of identity theft. There has been an economic downturn and rampant job loss which is understandable why some consumers may be more focused on other areas of their personal and professional lives than they are of identity theft. More people are at home more often, so instead of binging out on Netflix during downtimes, we could be keeping up to date on identity theft. 

Most people are hesitant about providing their personal information online but nearly 47% of people with a credit or debit card provided their entire social security number in an online form in the past month according to the survey. In 2019 it was 40%. This increase may have occurred due fluctuations in the job market and people applying for unemployment and onboarding at new jobs online. Even providing a partial SSN causes concern. This puts consumers more at risk for identity theft, which makes checking your reports and statements a priority. 

Seventy percent of cardholders have reported using the “sign in with “Facebook” feature to sign up or log in to various websites. While this is a convenience, using your Facebook account to log into other multiply accounts can be problematic. There has been security concerns about Facebook’s ability to protect personal data. The information you are giving has an increased risk of being exposed which is a major target for hackers. Facebook is a signal site that contains information about you that are useful to hackers. Facebook has a past for not keeping data safe so it is important to proceed with caution when you login to other accounts or webpages. 

Nearly half of cardholders (47%) were victims of a data breach within the last year and 14% of them experienced this harm more than once. Consumers may want to take stronger steps to protect their identity such as:

• Freezing your credit- With a credit freeze, or security freeze, you can restrict access to your credit reports and prevent others from opening new credit-related accounts with your information. You will still have access to your credit reports during the freeze and your credit score will not be affected.

• Sign up for alerts - Many companies are on the market to provide services that monitor for identity theft as well as keeping an eye out for Social Security number scanning. 

• Create safer digital habits - You can set calendar reminders to change important passwords often and learn to recognize the signs of phishing emails and other online scams. It is important to remain cautious when providing personal and financial information online and you may even want to invest in security software for electronic devices. 

Most of all it is important to realize that you, as a consumer, have your financial health and security in your own hands. Nobody cares as much about your credit and money as much as you do. It is vital that you protect your personal information and finances because no one else can do it for you. 

Class Action Suit Against Experian & CSC

Indiana Consumer Files Class Action Suit Against Experian and CSC | Challenging the Accuracy of Bankruptcy Credit Reporting 

Today, Cento Law, along with Eric Pavlack, filed a class action lawsuit against two consumer reporting agencies, Experian Information Services, Inc. and CSC Credit Services alleging numerous violations of the Fair Credit Reporting Act. In the suit, Plaintiff alleges the consumer reporting agencies inaccurately reported her bankruptcy on her credit report as dismissed when it was in fact withdrawn and failed to report that her bankruptcy was withdrawn before any bankruptcy plan was approved.  Earlier this year, Plaintiff filed a similar lawsuit against Trans Union, LLC.

If you have any questions regarding this lawsuit, then please feel free to contact us.

How to Dispute a Credit Report

How to Dispute Credit Report

Obtaining your credit report is the first step in disputing any inaccurate or wrong information which may appear on it. Federal law requires the three national credit reporting companies, Equifax, Experian, and Trans Union, to provide you with a free credit report every year. Get your free credit report at AnnualCreditReport.com; which is the official site to help consumers obtain their free credit report. Inaccuracies on your credit report may negatively affect you. If you find wrong information on your credit report start here:

Contact the credit reporting company in question. The disputing procedure can be initiated online.

• To dispute a credit report from Experian,click here.

• To dispute a credit report from Trans Union, click here.

• To dispute a credit report from Equifax, click here.

Credit reporting companies must investigate disputes made by consumers. Thirty (30) days after the dispute is initiated, credit reporting companies are required to provide consumers with the results. The results should be accompanied by a free credit report. If the disputed information has not been corrected following the credit reporting companies dispute procedures, consider seeking legal action.

Know Your Credit History | Protect Your Rights

Credit Report

Consumer reporting agencies, also known as “credit reporting agencies” or “credit bureaus,” serve a critical role in a consumer’s financial life. After collecting financial and personal data on individuals; the credit reporting agencies are able to generate the aggregated results into a consumer report, commonly known as a “credit report.” In most lending, credit reports, and the credit scores which are derived from them, form the basis of lending decisions. Many employers also use credit reports and other investigative reports to make hiring decisions. From the ability to pay back a loan to establishing one’s worthiness for a job, the information contained in a credit report can cause substantial injury to a consumer when that information turns out to be inaccurate.

Federal laws, like the Fair Credit Reporting Act, were passed by Congress to require credit reporting agencies to “follow reasonable procedures to assure maximum possible accuracy of the information” contained in credit reports, and to protect consumers when inaccuracies cause such injury. However, the burden is still heavily on the consumer when resolving such issues because those federal laws require consumers to know what is on their credit reports and to take action when inaccuracies are discovered. For this reason, it is critical that consumers take advantage of the federal law which requires the agencies, which are Equifax (including credit files owned by CSC Credit Services), Experian, and Trans Union, to provide them with one free credit report each year.  To obtain your free annual report go to the only official site: www.AnnualCreditReport.com.

How Long Will a Withdrawn or Dismissed Bankruptcy Stay on Your Credit Report?

A bankruptcy can end in a number of ways prior to discharge; for example, a bankruptcy can be subsequently withdrawn at the request of the debtor or dismissed by the court for a variety of reasons. There are several reasons a debtor may file bankruptcy just as there are several reasons why a debtor may decide to seek withdrawal of that bankruptcy.  Because bankruptcy filings are public record those filings will eventually be picked up by the third party public information vendors which consumer reporting agencies use to collect public record information or directly by the consumer reporting agencies through the electronic PACER court reporting service.

Federal law requires that consumer reporting agencies that choose to report a bankruptcy must also report the type of bankruptcy filed (e.g. Chapter 7, Chapter 13, etc.) and, in the case of a withdrawn bankruptcy, that the bankruptcy has been withdrawn.  The current practice of the consumer reporting agencies is to report a bankruptcy, including a withdrawn or dismissed bankruptcy, on a debtor’s credit report for up to 10 years.